可打印的卡片
在另一个欧盟国家工作:值得留存的材料
六个反应,从人力资源部门的第一封邮件到挡住一次晋升的那条条款。每一条都带着支撑它的条文。
卷宗 EU 492/2011
本页是为打印做的:打印时周围整个界面都会消失。
法律状态核对于July 29, 2026
- 01
用官方页面回答“工作许可”的要求
作为欧盟公民,你在欧盟一般不需要工作许可,而自营职业者从来不需要许可。保留那个“generally”:它涵盖的是少见的特别制度,不是你这次普通的入职。
Section “Work permits” · Work permits: EU citizens · europa.eu - 02
不让本国优先,也不让配额给你排位
你以与本国国民相同的优先顺位就任可供聘用的职位,而按人数或百分比对外籍就业设定的上限不适用于欧盟公民。
Article 1 · Regulation (EU) No 492/2011 (freedom of movement for workers), Article 1 · eur-lex.europa.eu - 03
认真对待与工作相关的语言,对借口式的语言提出异议
由岗位性质所要求的语言要求,条文是承认的。不被承认的是只对外国人施加的条件,以及专门的招聘程序。
Article 3 · Regulation (EU) No 492/2011, Article 3 (inapplicable provisions and practices, language exception) · eur-lex.europa.eu - 04
主张每一项端给本国国民的优待
相同的就业和工作条件,尤其是报酬、解雇和再就业,以及相同的社会和税收优待:奖金、补贴和优惠价都算在内。“保留给本国国民”不是一个理由。
Article 7(1) and (2) · Regulation (EU) No 492/2011, Article 7 (equal treatment), paragraphs 1 and 2 · eur-lex.europa.eu - 05
把任何歧视性条款当作已经死了的东西
集体协议或个别协议中按国籍规定歧视性条件的条款当然无效,无论它的日期和签字如何。书面对它提出异议,附上条文。
Article 7(4) · Regulation (EU) No 492/2011, Article 7, paragraph 4 (nullity of discriminatory clauses) · eur-lex.europa.eu - 06
遇到歧视,去敲那扇准备好的门
本国平等待遇机构提供信息、帮你提出投诉,并且可以经你同意把案件带到有管辖权的法院。工会、非政府组织和律师仍然是互补的支撑。
Section “How to enforce your rights” · Equal treatment at work: enforcing your rights · europa.eu
关于欧洲共同底线的一般信息,不是针对你个案的法律咨询。独立的教育网站,与欧盟机构无关。本卷宗里的救济链接只指向官方机构。
来源核对于 July 29, 2026。 · https://depleindroit.odersa.org/zh/fiches/travailler-dans-un-autre-pays · 内容采用 CC BY 4.0 许可。
法律欠你什么
每一项权利,连同它的金额或期限、支撑它的官方文本节录,以及它的网址。
以与本国国民相同的优先顺位取得就业机会
任何成员国的国民都有权按照管辖本国国民就业的规则,在另一成员国从事并持续从事受雇活动,并在取得可供聘用的职位时享有相同的优先顺位。
官方文本,原文语言 · Article 1
Official Journal of the European Union · EUR-Lex · https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02011R0492-20210801“Any national of a Member State shall, irrespective of his place of residence, have the right to take up an activity as an employed person, and to pursue such activity, within the territory of another Member State in accordance with the provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action governing the employment of nationals of that State. […] He shall, in particular, have the right to take up available employment in the territory of another Member State with the same priority as nationals of that State.”
外籍配额不把你算进去
按人数或百分比限制外国国民就业的规定,无论是按企业、按行业、按地区还是在全国范围,都不适用于其他成员国的国民。
官方文本,原文语言 · Article 4(1)
Official Journal of the European Union · EUR-Lex · https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02011R0492-20210801“Provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action of the Member States which restrict by number or percentage the employment of foreign nationals in any undertaking, branch of activity or region, or at a national level, shall not apply to nationals of the other Member States.”
一般不需要工作许可,自营职业者从来不需要
欧盟公民在欧盟工作一般不需要工作许可,而自营职业者从来不需要许可。官方页面上的“generally”涵盖的是少见的特别制度。
官方文本,原文语言 · Section “Work permits”
Your Europe · European Union · https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/work-abroad/work-permits/index_en.htm“As an EU national you generally don't need a work permit to work anywhere in the EU. Work permits are never required for self-employed people in the EU.”
相同的就业条件,相同的社会和税收优待
在任何就业和工作条件方面,尤其是报酬、解雇和再就业方面,不得因国籍而有待遇差别,并且享有与本国劳动者相同的社会和税收优待。
官方文本,原文语言 · Article 7(1) and (2)
Official Journal of the European Union · EUR-Lex · https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02011R0492-20210801“1. A worker who is a national of a Member State may not, in the territory of another Member State, be treated differently from national workers by reason of his nationality in respect of any conditions of employment and work, in particular as regards remuneration, dismissal, and, should he become unemployed, reinstatement or re-employment. 2. He shall enjoy the same social and tax advantages as national workers.”
歧视性条款当然无效
集体协议或个别协议中关于就业资格、报酬、工作条件或解雇的任何条款,凡对其他成员国的劳动者规定歧视性条件,一律当然无效。没有哪个签字能救它。
官方文本,原文语言 · Article 7(4)
Official Journal of the European Union · EUR-Lex · https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02011R0492-20210801“Any clause of a collective or individual agreement or of any other collective regulation concerning eligibility for employment, remuneration and other conditions of work or dismissal shall be null and void in so far as it lays down or authorises discriminatory conditions in respect of workers who are nationals of the other Member States.”
写明的界限:由工作性质所要求的语言
针对歧视性条件的保护不适用于因所要填补岗位的性质而要求的语言知识。一项真实的、与岗位挂钩的语言要求是允许的;借口式的语言不被允许。
官方文本,原文语言 · Article 3
Official Journal of the European Union · EUR-Lex · https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02011R0492-20210801“provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action or administrative practices of a Member State shall not apply: (a) where they limit application for and offers of employment, or the right of foreign nationals to take up and pursue employment or subject these to conditions not applicable in respect of their own nationals; […] The first subparagraph shall not apply to conditions relating to linguistic knowledge required by reason of the nature of the post to be filled. […] prescribe a special recruitment procedure for foreign nationals;”
一个支撑你的本国平等待遇机构
遇到歧视,你可以求助于一个本国平等待遇机构:提供信息、协助投诉,有时还可以经你同意在有管辖权的法院提起诉讼。
官方文本,原文语言 · Section “How to enforce your rights”
Your Europe · European Union · https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/work/work-abroad/equal-treatment-with-nationals/index_en.htm“If you believe that you have been discriminated against, you can bring your case to a national equality body […] Some may simply provide you with useful information regarding your situation, while others can help you make a complaint. They may even, with your approval, take your case to the competent courts.”
本站是教育性的、独立的:本站不是欧盟的官方网站,本裁定也不是针对你个案的法律咨询。所引录的表述均取自官方条文和官方页面,其链接列在每一项权利之下。
卷宗 EU 492/2011
这份卷宗里的材料
每份材料都有自己的页面。处境在这里玩;你留下的、你寄出的、你回头再读的,都住在隔壁。