跳到正文
简体中文
依法即得欧洲权利,放进真实处境
ODERSA 协会 · 权利项目独立的教育网站。本站不是欧盟的官方网站。

可打印的卡片

删除你的数据:值得留存的材料

十个反应,按它们用得上的顺序排列,从没有选项的设置页面到法庭。每一条都带着支撑它的条文。

卷宗 EU 2016/679

本页是为打印做的:打印时周围整个界面都会消失。

法律状态核对于July 29, 2026

  1. 01

    写一份请求,不要去找按钮

    这项权利通过一份寄给数据控制者的请求来行使,不通过界面上的一个选项。点明你所依据的理由:数据对于其目的已不再必要,或者你撤回你的同意,或者该处理不合法。

    Article 17(1) · Regulation (EU) 2016/679, Article 17 (Right to erasure, 'right to be forgotten'), paragraph 1 · eur-lex.europa.eu
  2. 02

    在删除之前先要副本

    一份你数据的副本,免费,以可获取的格式,并且应当在 1 个月内得到答复。看过之后再删除。这是你唯一一次能知道他们持有过什么的机会。

    Section “Access to your personal data” · Data protection: access to your personal data · europa.eu
  3. 03

    只提供识别你身份所必需的东西

    只有在他们对你的身份存有合理怀疑时,才需要提供补充信息,而且只在确认身份所必需的范围内。发送任何文件之前,先问清他们存有哪一项怀疑。

    Article 12(6) · Regulation (EU) 2016/679, Article 12 (Modalities for the exercise of the rights), paragraph 6 · eur-lex.europa.eu
  4. 04

    一分钱也不付,把举证责任留在他们那里

    应当免费提供。他们只能对明显无根据或过分的请求收费或拒绝,尤其是重复的请求,而要证明该性质,得由他们来做。

    Article 12(5) · Regulation (EU) 2016/679, Article 12 (Modalities for the exercise of the rights), paragraph 5 · eur-lex.europa.eu
  5. 05

    从收到起算 1 个月,不从你的催告起算

    留住回执:正是它让计时开始。最多可以再有 2 个月,而且只有在延长及其理由已于第一个月内告知你时才可以。

    Article 12(3) · Regulation (EU) 2016/679, Article 12 (Modalities for the exercise of the rights), paragraph 3 · eur-lex.europa.eu
  6. 06

    要求一份说明理由的拒绝,并附上救济途径

    如果他们不采取行动,条文要求他们最迟在 1 个月内把理由写给你,并且给你指出向监管机构提出投诉以及司法救济。沉默不是拒绝。

    Article 12(4) · Regulation (EU) 2016/679, Article 12 (Modalities for the exercise of the rights), paragraph 4 · eur-lex.europa.eu
  7. 07

    主张接收方清单

    删除要告知每一个被披露过数据的接收方,除非此举被证明不可能或者要付出不成比例的努力。而且,只要你提出请求,那份接收方清单就是你的。

    Article 19 in full · Regulation (EU) 2016/679, Article 19 (Notification obligation regarding erasure of personal data) · eur-lex.europa.eu
  8. 08

    知道界限:不是一切都会被删除

    在处理对于表达自由和信息自由、对于遵守要求进行处理的法律义务,或者对于法律请求的提出和抗辩仍然必要的范围内,这项权利不适用。请求删除那些可以被删除的东西。

    Article 17(3) · Regulation (EU) 2016/679, Article 17 (Right to erasure), paragraph 3 · eur-lex.europa.eu
  9. 09

    在你自己的国家提出投诉

    向你惯常居所、工作地或者被指称的违规行为发生地所在成员国的监管机构提出。公司的注册地不在这份清单上。

    Article 77(1) and (2) · Regulation (EU) 2016/679, Article 77 (Right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority) · eur-lex.europa.eu
  10. 10

    如果你上法院,你居住地的法院有管辖权

    诉讼可以在数据控制者设有营业机构的成员国法院提起,但也可以在你有惯常居所的成员国法院提起。两个选项都写在条文里。

    Article 79(2) · Regulation (EU) 2016/679, Article 79 (Right to an effective judicial remedy against a controller) · eur-lex.europa.eu

关于欧洲共同底线的一般信息,不是针对你个案的法律咨询。独立的教育网站,与欧盟机构无关。本卷宗里的救济链接只指向官方机构。

来源核对于 July 29, 2026。 · https://depleindroit.odersa.org/zh/fiches/le-compte-qu-on-refuse-d-effacer · 内容采用 CC BY 4.0 许可。

法律欠你什么

每一项权利,连同它的金额或期限、支撑它的官方文本节录,以及它的网址。

一项获得删除的权利,以及一项删除的义务

条文在同一句话里朝两个方向走:你有权获得删除,不得无故拖延;数据控制者有义务删除,不得无故拖延;只要清单上的理由有一条适用即可。前两条很平常:数据对于其目的已不再必要,或者你撤回处理所依据的同意。

官方文本,原文语言 · Article 17(1)

“1. The data subject shall have the right to obtain from the controller the erasure of personal data concerning him or her without undue delay and the controller shall have the obligation to erase personal data without undue delay where one of the following grounds applies: (a) the personal data are no longer necessary in relation to the purposes for which they were collected or otherwise processed; (b) the data subject withdraws consent on which the processing is based […] and where there is no other legal ground for the processing; […] (d) the personal data have been unlawfully processed;”

Official Journal of the European Union · EUR-Lex · https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679

在删除之前,先要一份他们所持有的全部数据的副本

确认与你有关的数据是否正在被处理、访问这些数据,以及一份正在被处理的数据的副本。连同目的、数据类别和接收方一起。只有在再要一份副本时,才可以收取合理的费用。

官方文本,原文语言 · Article 15(1) and (3)

“1. The data subject shall have the right to obtain from the controller confirmation as to whether or not personal data concerning him or her are being processed, and, where that is the case, access to the personal data and the following information: (a) the purposes of the processing; (b) the categories of personal data concerned; (c) the recipients or categories of recipient to whom the personal data have been or will be disclosed, in particular recipients in third countries or international organisations; […] 3. The controller shall provide a copy of the personal data undergoing processing. For any further copies requested by the data subject, the controller may charge a reasonable fee based on administrative costs.”

Official Journal of the European Union · EUR-Lex · https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679

被两个词围住的身份核查

只有在对你的身份存有合理怀疑时,他们才可以索要补充信息,而且只能索要确认身份所必需的信息。两个条件,而不是一张要交出去的文件清单。

官方文本,原文语言 · Article 12(6)

“6. Without prejudice to Article 11, where the controller has reasonable doubts concerning the identity of the natural person making the request referred to in Articles 15 to 21, the controller may request the provision of additional information necessary to confirm the identity of the data subject.”

Official Journal of the European Union · EUR-Lex · https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679

不需要付款,而滥用的举证在他们

依第 15 条至第 22 条采取的行动应当免费提供。例外很窄:明显无根据或过分的请求,尤其是重复的请求。而且由数据控制者承担证明该性质的责任。

官方文本,原文语言 · Article 12(5)

“5. Information provided under Articles 13 and 14 and any communication and any actions taken under Articles 15 to 22 and 34 shall be provided free of charge. Where requests from a data subject are manifestly unfounded or excessive, in particular because of their repetitive character, the controller may either: (a) charge a reasonable fee taking into account the administrative costs of providing the information or communication or taking the action requested; or (b) refuse to act on the request. The controller shall bear the burden of demonstrating the manifestly unfounded or excessive character of the request.”

Official Journal of the European Union · EUR-Lex · https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679

1 个月,而计时从他们的回执开始

1 个月

这一期间自收到请求起算。在必要时,考虑到请求的复杂性和数量,它可以再延长 2 个月,前提是延长以及延迟的理由已在第一个月内告知你。

官方文本,原文语言 · Article 12(3)

“3. The controller shall provide information on action taken on a request under Articles 15 to 22 to the data subject without undue delay and in any event within one month of receipt of the request. That period may be extended by two further months where necessary, taking into account the complexity and number of the requests. The controller shall inform the data subject of any such extension within one month of receipt of the request, together with the reasons for the delay.”

Official Journal of the European Union · EUR-Lex · https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679

拒绝必须说明理由,并告诉你去哪里

如果他们不采取行动,他们应当不加拖延、且最迟在 1 个月内,把不采取行动的理由,以及向监管机构提出投诉和寻求司法救济的可能性告知你。沉默一个条件也不满足。

官方文本,原文语言 · Article 12(4)

“4. If the controller does not take action on the request of the data subject, the controller shall inform the data subject without delay and at the latest within one month of receipt of the request of the reasons for not taking action and on the possibility of lodging a complaint with a supervisory authority and seeking a judicial remedy.”

Official Journal of the European Union · EUR-Lex · https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679

删除要告知那些接收过你数据的对象

数据控制者应当把删除告知每一个被披露过数据的接收方,除非此举被证明不可能或者要付出不成比例的努力。而且,如果你提出请求,它应当把这些接收方告知你。

官方文本,原文语言 · Article 19 in full

“The controller shall communicate any rectification or erasure of personal data or restriction of processing carried out in accordance with Article 16, Article 17(1) and Article 18 to each recipient to whom the personal data have been disclosed, unless this proves impossible or involves disproportionate effort. The controller shall inform the data subject about those recipients if the data subject requests it.”

Official Journal of the European Union · EUR-Lex · https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679

一项在你居住的地方提出的投诉

向监管机构提出,尤其是向你惯常居所、工作地或者被指称的违规行为发生地所在成员国的监管机构提出。该机构此后会把进展和结果告知你,包括司法救济的可能性。

官方文本,原文语言 · Article 77(1) and (2)

“1. Without prejudice to any other administrative or judicial remedy, every data subject shall have the right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority, in particular in the Member State of his or her habitual residence, place of work or place of the alleged infringement if the data subject considers that the processing of personal data relating to him or her infringes this Regulation. 2. The supervisory authority with which the complaint has been lodged shall inform the complainant on the progress and the outcome of the complaint including the possibility of a judicial remedy pursuant to Article 78.”

Official Journal of the European Union · EUR-Lex · https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679

本站是教育性的、独立的:本站不是欧盟的官方网站,本裁定也不是针对你个案的法律咨询。所引录的期限和表述均取自官方条文或官方页面,其链接列在每一项权利之下。