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The written walkthrough

The flight cancelled the night before: the written walkthrough

A €42 ticket, a flight scrapped at nine in the evening, and €400 of compensation that has nothing to do with what you paid. This is the most counter-intuitive right in Europe, and it is written down in black and white.

Law as verified onJuly 29, 2026

This walkthrough contains the answers. It is here so you can read the situation without playing it, print it, and so the content stays complete without JavaScript.

Item no. 1 · 8.57 p.m., the night before

Your flight leaves Porto tomorrow at 7.20 a.m. and you have to be in Kraków by Wednesday evening. A flight inside the Union, roughly 2,400 km, a ticket you paid €42 for five months ago. Your bag is packed.

At 8.57 p.m., an email arrives.

Email received8.57 p.m.

Subject: important information about your journey, booking 4R7T2B.

We are writing to inform you that your 7.20 a.m. flight tomorrow has been cancelled. The cancellation follows a technical problem identified during maintenance of the aircraft.

We have moved you to the following day's flight at 6.50 a.m. As a gesture of goodwill, a €60 voucher valid for twelve months on our website is available in your account. One click activates it.

Thank you for your understanding.

This message is sent from an address that does not accept replies.

It is 9 p.m. What do you do with that email?

Correct answer · Keep it exactly as it is, timestamp included, and activate nothing for now.

The date you were told decides your compensation The Regulation sets that date at two weeks, not seven days: compensation is due unless you were informed at least two weeks before the scheduled time of departure. Between two weeks and seven days, and then at less than seven days, it only falls away if the re-routing offered has you leaving and arriving inside a narrow window. Told the night before, you are squarely in the case where it is due. And proving the date is not your job: Article 5(4) puts that burden on the airline, which is why the timestamped email matters.

“have the right to compensation by the operating air carrier in accordance with Article 7, unless: (i) they are informed of the cancellation at least two weeks before the scheduled time of departure; or (ii) they are informed of the cancellation between two weeks and seven days before the scheduled time of departure and are offered re-routing, allowing them to depart no more than two hours before the scheduled time of departure and to reach their final destination less than four hours after the scheduled time of arrival; or (iii) they are informed of the cancellation less than seven days before the scheduled time of departure and are offered re-routing, allowing them to depart no more than one hour before the scheduled time of departure and to reach their final destination less than two hours after the scheduled time of arrival.”

In plain words: the right opens as soon as you are told less than two weeks before departure. There are only two exceptions, and both require another flight inside a narrow window. Told the night before, you are entitled.

Article 5(1)(c) · Regulation (EC) No 261/2004, Article 5 (Cancellation), paragraph 1(c) · https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32004R0261

Myth · Activate the €60 voucher: better than nothing.

The myth: a voucher is already something A travel voucher only replaces your compensation if you have given your SIGNED agreement to it. The Regulation sets the opposite order to the one this email suggests: compensation is paid in money, and the voucher is merely an option, and it is yours. With that click, you traded a fixed sum for credit in their shop.

“The compensation referred to in paragraph 1 shall be paid in cash, by electronic bank transfer, bank orders or bank cheques or, with the signed agreement of the passenger, in travel vouchers and/or other services.”

In plain words: money is the default. A voucher only becomes valid with your written agreement, and you are never obliged to give it.

Article 7(3) · Regulation (EC) No 261/2004, Article 7 (Right to compensation), paragraph 3 · https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32004R0261

No effect · Reply to the email, in capitals, for twelve lines.

Nobody read it, and that is not even the point That address leads nowhere, but keep the email: it is the item that counts. And here is what the airline owes you in writing without you having to ask for it: a notice setting out your rights to compensation and assistance, plus the contact details of the national body that enforces this Regulation.

“An operating air carrier denying boarding or cancelling a flight shall provide each passenger affected with a written notice setting out the rules for compensation and assistance in line with this Regulation. […] The contact details of the national designated body referred to in Article 16 shall also be given to the passenger in written form.”

In plain words: when a flight is cancelled, the airline must hand you a written summary of your rights and the address of the authority that supervises it. If this email contains none of that, something is already wrong.

Article 14(2) · Regulation (EC) No 261/2004, Article 14 (Obligation to inform passengers of their rights), paragraph 2 · https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32004R0261

Item no. 2 · The choice you were not offered

You open the airline's app. One big button: CONFIRM MY NEW FLIGHT, Thursday 6.50 a.m. Three menus down, a grey line: request a refund.

Your account · your journeyBooking 4R7T2B
Original flight
Wednesday, 7.20 a.m., Porto to Kraków
Status
Cancelled
Offer
Thursday, 6.50 a.m. (arriving 23 h 30 after the scheduled time)
Goodwill gesture
€60 voucher, twelve months
Compensation
not mentioned

Three options exist, the airline shows you one. Which do you take, and what does it not take away from you?

Correct answer · Take the re-routing at the earliest opportunity, and note that compensation is a separate question.

Taking a replacement flight is not waiving compensation The Regulation makes you choose between three things: reimbursement, re-routing at the earliest opportunity, or re-routing on a date that suits you. It is a one-off choice: taking one closes the other two. Compensation is not on that list. It lives in a different Article, and it keeps running.

“Where reference is made to this Article, passengers shall be offered the choice between: […] reimbursement within seven days, by the means provided for in Article 7(3), of the full cost of the ticket at the price at which it was bought […] (b) re-routing, under comparable transport conditions, to their final destination at the earliest opportunity; or (c) re-routing, under comparable transport conditions, to their final destination at a later date at the passenger's convenience, subject to availability of seats.”

In plain words: YOU choose between getting your money back and travelling. The airline has to put all three options in front of you, not only the one that suits it.

Article 8(1) · Regulation (EC) No 261/2004, Article 8 (Right to reimbursement or re-routing), paragraph 1 · https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32004R0261

Myth · Confirm Thursday's flight: from then on there is nothing left to ask for.

The myth: I took another flight, so it is settled Accepting a replacement flight closes the other two transport options, and nothing else. The official EU page says it in one sentence, then immediately follows it with a however that is the most useful word of your day.

“As soon as you have chosen one of these three options, you no longer have rights in relation to the other two options. However, the airline carrier may still have to provide compensation”

In plain words: you lose the other two transport options, not your compensation. That is worked out separately, from the distance and from how late you finally arrive.

Section on reimbursement, re-routing or rebooking in the event of cancellation · Air passenger rights: cancelled flight · https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/passenger-rights/air/index_en.htm

Myth · Ask for the ticket to be refunded AND for Thursday's flight: both are owed to me.

The myth: I can stack the refund and the new flight Reimbursement and re-routing are two branches of the same choice, not two rights that add up. Getting that wrong costs time and credibility, while the real sum to claim is elsewhere, and it is larger.

“As soon as you have chosen one of these three options, you no longer have rights in relation to the other two options.”

In plain words: one of the three, not two. The right move is not to stack them, it is to choose quickly and claim the compensation separately.

Section on reimbursement, re-routing or rebooking in the event of cancellation · Air passenger rights: cancelled flight · https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/passenger-rights/air/index_en.htm

Item no. 3 · The night nobody planned for

You are at the airport on Wednesday morning: you had already driven two hours and the email came too late to unwind everything. The next flight is tomorrow at 6.50 a.m. Nobody at the desk mentions a hotel.

It is 11 a.m. You have nineteen hours to fill, and you have not eaten.

The airline offers nothing. What do you do with those nineteen hours?

Correct answer · Go to the desk and ask for accommodation, transport and meals, and keep every receipt.

Meals, hotel and the ride to the hotel: written down, and free When your replacement flight leaves at least the following day, the right to care is no longer limited to refreshments: it covers the night in a hotel and the transport to that hotel. And if the airline offers nothing while you have paid, it must reimburse expenses that were necessary, reasonable and appropriate. Hence the receipts.

“Where reference is made to this Article, passengers shall be offered free of charge: (a) meals and refreshments in a reasonable relation to the waiting time; (b) hotel accommodation in cases […] where a stay of one or more nights becomes necessary […] (c) transport between the airport and place of accommodation (hotel or other).”

In plain words: eating, sleeping and the ride to the hotel are on them, not on you. You ask for it, you do not beg for it.

Article 9(1) · Regulation (EC) No 261/2004, Article 9 (Right to care), paragraph 1 · https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32004R0261

Myth · Care is for delays. For a cancellation there is nothing: sleep in the concourse.

The myth: hotels are only for delays The Article that deals with CANCELLATIONS points to the right to care itself, hotel included, as soon as the replacement flight leaves the following day or later. That is exactly your situation. A night in a concourse was not inevitable, it was a right nobody exercised.

“[…] in event of re-routing when the reasonably expected time of departure of the new flight is at least the day after the departure as it was planned for the cancelled flight, the assistance specified in Article 9(1)(b) and 9(1)(c)”

In plain words: new flight the next day or later, therefore hotel and transport to the hotel. The word cancellation is in the title of that Article.

Article 5(1)(b) · Regulation (EC) No 261/2004, Article 5 (Cancellation), paragraph 1(b) · https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32004R0261

Myth · Pay for the hotel and the taxi out of pocket and say nothing: without their approval it is lost anyway.

The myth: paid out of pocket, therefore lost Making yourself known to the airline is still the right move, because organising care is its job. But fronting the money does not cancel the right: the official EU page provides for reimbursement of expenses that were necessary, reasonable and appropriate. The only item that could have been missing was the receipt.

“If assistance is not offered and you paid for any of the above items out of your own pocket, the airline should reimburse you, provided the expenses were necessary, reasonable and appropriate. You should keep all receipts for this purpose.”

In plain words: keep every ticket. What was necessary and reasonable gets reimbursed; what has no receipt cannot be proved.

Section on assistance in the event of cancellation · Air passenger rights: assistance in the event of cancellation · https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/passenger-rights/air/index_en.htm

Item no. 4 · The amount

Thursday evening, you have arrived. Twenty-three hours and thirty minutes after the scheduled time. You open the file and write the claim.

One question is left, and it is the one almost everybody gets wrong.

Calculation sheetTo be completed
Type of flight
inside the European Union
Distance
roughly 2,400 km
Price paid
€42
Informed
the evening before, so less than two weeks ahead
Delay on arrival
23 h 30
Compensation due
to be determined

How much does the airline owe you, and on what basis?

Correct answer · €400, because it is a flight inside the Union of more than 1,500 km.

The amount is read off a map, never off your ticket The Article that fixes compensation knows one variable: distance. €250 up to 1,500 km. €400 beyond 1,500 km inside the Union, and for all other flights between 1,500 and 3,500 km. €600 for the rest. The price of the ticket appears on no line at all.

“Where reference is made to this Article, passengers shall receive compensation amounting to: (a) EUR 250 for all flights of 1500 kilometres or less; (b) EUR 400 for all intra-Community flights of more than 1500 kilometres, and for all other flights between 1500 and 3500 kilometres; (c) EUR 600 for all flights not falling under (a) or (b). In determining the distance, the basis shall be the last destination at which the denial of boarding or cancellation will delay the passenger's arrival after the scheduled time.”

In plain words: three amounts, three distance bands. Find your distance, read your amount. Your ticket only proves that you had a booking.

Article 7(1) · Regulation (EC) No 261/2004, Article 7 (Right to compensation), paragraph 1 · https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32004R0261

Myth · €42, the price of my ticket: they cannot give me back more than I paid.

Europe's most expensive myth: never more than the ticket price Compensation is not a refund: they are two different things, in two different Articles. A refund gives back the price of the ticket. Compensation makes good the disruption, and its amount is a flat sum set by distance. A €42 ticket and a €420 ticket open exactly the same compensation.

“passengers shall receive compensation amounting to: (a) EUR 250 for all flights of 1500 kilometres or less; (b) EUR 400 for all intra-Community flights of more than 1500 kilometres, and for all other flights between 1500 and 3500 kilometres; (c) EUR 600 for all flights not falling under (a) or (b).”

In plain words: the text fixes sums, not a percentage. The word ticket appears nowhere in that calculation.

Article 7(1) · Regulation (EC) No 261/2004, Article 7 (Right to compensation), paragraph 1 · https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32004R0261

Myth · Half of it, €200, since they offered me another flight.

The myth: I was re-routed, so it is half price The fifty per cent reduction does exist, and it is fenced in: it only applies if the replacement flight gets you in within a very narrow window after the scheduled time, three hours for your distance band. You arrived 23 h 30 late. No reduction is possible.

“When passengers are offered re-routing to their final destination on an alternative flight pursuant to Article 8, the arrival time of which does not exceed the scheduled arrival time of the flight originally booked […] (b) by three hours, in respect of all intra-Community flights of more than 1500 kilometres and for all other flights between 1500 and 3500 kilometres […] the operating air carrier may reduce the compensation provided for in paragraph 1 by 50 %.”

In plain words: half is only possible if you arrive almost on time. Past that window, it is the full amount.

Article 7(2) · Regulation (EC) No 261/2004, Article 7 (Right to compensation), paragraph 2 · https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32004R0261

Item no. 5 · The airline's reply

Twenty-two days later the reply arrives. Two paragraphs, careful vocabulary, and a refusal.

Reply from customer service22 days later

We have reviewed your claim concerning booking 4R7T2B.

The cancellation of your flight falls within extraordinary circumstances for the purposes of Regulation (EC) No 261/2004. Accordingly, no compensation can be granted to you. The €60 voucher remains available to you.

Thank you for your understanding and we remain at your disposal.

You are told no, with all the right words. Where do you go?

Correct answer · Reply once quoting the text, then, failing a satisfactory answer, go to the national authority of the country where it happened.

Proving it was not extraordinary is not your job The text reverses the burden: the airline only escapes compensation if it CAN PROVE the extraordinary circumstances. A sentence in an email is not proof. And every country in the Union has designated a body you can go to yourself.

“An operating air carrier shall not be obliged to pay compensation in accordance with Article 7, if it can prove that the cancellation is caused by extraordinary circumstances which could not have been avoided even if all reasonable measures had been taken.”

In plain words: as long as it proves nothing, the compensation is still owed. Doubt does not count against you, it counts against the airline.

Article 5(3) · Regulation (EC) No 261/2004, Article 5 (Cancellation), paragraph 3 · https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32004R0261

Myth · A technical problem is an extraordinary circumstance. Let it go.

The myth that makes people give up: technical, therefore extraordinary The official EU page lists what is NOT an extraordinary circumstance, and technical problems that come to light during maintenance are named in it. It is not an automatic guarantee, the page writes most: but it is enough to knock down the argument as it was served to you, and to remember that the proof is on the airline.

“Situations which are not considered as extraordinary circumstances include: most technical problems which come to light during aircraft maintenance or are caused by failure to maintain an aircraft […] strikes by air carrier staff (internal strike action)”

In plain words: a technical fault found during maintenance is hardly ever an extraordinary circumstance, and neither is a strike by the airline's own staff.

Section on extraordinary circumstances · Air passenger rights: extraordinary circumstances · https://europa.eu/youreurope/citizens/travel/passenger-rights/air/index_en.htm

Myth · Its reply is final: when an airline says no, it is no.

The myth: the airline has ruled An airline's reply is the opinion of one party to the dispute, nothing more. The Regulation expressly provides that each passenger may complain to the body designated by a Member State about an alleged infringement. A refusal is therefore not the end of a file: it is the moment you change who you are talking to.

“Without prejudice to Article 12, each passenger may complain to any body designated under paragraph 1, or to any other competent body designated by a Member State, about an alleged infringement of this Regulation at any airport situated on the territory of a Member State […]”

In plain words: after the airline, there is an authority. The text itself provides for it, and it is the passenger who complains to it, about an infringement at any airport in the Union.

Article 16(2) · Regulation (EC) No 261/2004, Article 16 (Infringements), paragraph 2 · https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32004R0261

Verdict · What the law owed you

A flight cancelled the night before, a €42 ticket, and a file that fits on one page.